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全球定位系统——建立太空卫星通信，改变地球上的日常生活

Peter Weiss

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第3期页码 290-303 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.001

关键词：工程成就

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可生物降解塑料取代传统塑料——对碳排放的影响

Guanyi Chen,Jianyuan Li,Yunan Sun,Zhi Wang,Gary A. Leeke,Christian Moretti,Zhanjun Cheng,Yuan Wang,Ning Li,Lan Mu,Jinyu Li,Junyu Tao,Beibei Yan,Li´an Hou

《工程（英文）》 2024年第32卷第1期页码 153-162 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.10.002

摘要：

In recent years, a great deal of attention has been focused on the environmental impact of plastics, including the carbon emissions related to plastics, which has promoted the application of biodegradable plastics. Countries worldwide have shown high interest in replacing traditional plastics with biodegradable plastics. However, no systematic comparison has been conducted on the carbon emissions of biodegradable versus traditional plastic products. This study evaluates the carbon emissions of traditional and biodegradable plastic products (BPPs) over four stages and briefly discusses environmental and economic perspectives. Four scenarios—namely, the traditional method, chemical recycling, industrial composting, and anaerobic digestion—are considered for the disposal of waste biodegradable plastic product (WBBPs). The analysis takes China as a case study. The results show that the carbon emissions of 1000 traditional plastic products (plastic bags, lunch boxes, cups, etc.) were 52.09–150.36 carbon emissions equivalent of per kg (kg CO2eq), with the stage of plastic production contributing 50.71%–50.77%. In comparison, 1000 similar BPPs topped out at 21.06–56.86 kg CO2eq, approximately 13.53%–62.19% lower than traditional plastic products. The difference was mainly at the stages of plastic production and waste disposal, and the BPPs showed significant carbon reduction potential at the raw material acquisition stage. Waste disposal plays an important role in environmental impact, and composting and anaerobic digestion are considered to be preferable disposal methods for WBBPs. However, the high cost of biodegradable plastics is a challenge for their widespread use. This study has important reference significance for the sustainable development of the biodegradable plastics industry.

关键词： Carbon emissions Biodegradable plastics Different disposal scenarios Daily life consumption Environmental and economic discussion

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Distribution, characteristics and daily fluctuations of microplastics throughout wastewater treatment

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 6-6 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1440-4

摘要：

• MPs were analyzed throughout three WWTPs with mixed domestic–industrial influents.

关键词： Microplastic Wastewater treatment plant Mixed domestic-industrial influent Characteristic Daily fluctuation

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Evaluation of SWAT sub-daily runoff estimation at small agricultural watershed in Korea

Ganga Ram Maharjan, Youn Shik Park, Nam Won Kim, Dong Seok Shin, Jae Wan Choi, Geun Woo Hyun, Ji-Hong Jeon, Yong Sik Ok, Kyoung Jae Lim

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 109-119 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0418-7

摘要： A study was undertaken for the prediction of runoff flow from 0.8 ha field-sized agricultural watershed in South Korea using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) sub-daily. The SWAT model with sub-daily configuration predicted flow from the watershed within the range of acceptable accuracy. The SWAT sub-daily simulations were carried out for a total of 18 rainfall events, 9 each for calibration and validation. Overall trend and extent of matching simulated flow for the rainfall events in 2007-2008 with measured data during the calibration process were coefficient of determination ( ) value of 0.88 and Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency ( ) value of 0.88. For validation, and values were 0.9 and 0.84, respectively. Whereas and values for simulation results using daily rainfall data were 0.79 and -0.01, respectively, that were observed to be out of acceptable limits for the model simulation. The importance of higher time resolution (hourly) precipitation records for flow simulation were evaluated by comparing and with 15 min, 2 h, 6 h and 12 h precipitation data, which resulted in lower statistics with increases in time resolution of precipitation data. The SWAT sub-daily sensitivity analysis was performed with the consideration of hydraulic parameter and was found as in the rank order of CN2 (curve number), ESCO (soil evaporation compensation factor), GW_DELAY (ground water delay time), ALPHA_BF ( base flow alpha factor), GWQMN ( a threshold minimum depth of water in the shallow aquifer required for return flow to occur) , REVAPMN (minimum depth of water in shallow aquifer for re-evaporation to occur) , LAT_TIME (lateral flow travel time) respectively. These sensitive parameters were evaluated at 10% higher and lower values of the parameters, corresponding to 70.5% higher and 23.2% lower in simulated flow out from the SWAT model. From the results obtained in this study, hourly precipitation record for SWAT sub-daily with Green-Ampt infiltration method was proven to be efficient for runoff estimation at field sized watershed with higher accuracies that could be efficiently used to develop site-specific Best Management Practices (BMPs) considering rainfall intensity, rather than simply using daily rainfall data.

关键词： Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) sub-daily simulation runoff rainfall

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中国汽车低碳化系统工程研究

张晓艳,王永军,李骏,付磊

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第1期页码 23-29 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.01.004

摘要：

中国已经签署《巴黎协定》并做出CO2减排承诺，中国汽车工业应该为实现中国低碳化作贡献。本文从中国汽车低碳化系统构架、生命周期碳排放现状和2030年中国汽车销量预测三个角度出发，构建了汽车CO2排放预测模型，分析了中国汽车碳排放构成，进行了至2030年汽车碳排放总量预测，预测结果显示，中国汽车碳排放总量在2025—2030年达到峰值。本研究建立了汽车低碳化评价体系，并提出了中国汽车低碳化技术路线的建议。

关键词：低碳化油耗法规汽车技术生命周期技术路线

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Abating transport GHG emissions by hydrogen fuel cell vehicles: Chances for the developing world

Han HAO, Zhexuan MU, Zongwei LIU, Fuquan ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 466-480 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0561-3

摘要：

Fuel cell vehicles, as the most promising clean vehicle technology for the future, represent the major chances for the developing world to avoid high-carbon lock-in in the transportation sector. In this paper, by taking China as an example, the unique advantages for China to deploy fuel cell vehicles are reviewed. Subsequently, this paper analyzes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 19 fuel cell vehicle utilization pathways by using the life cycle assessment approach. The results show that with the current grid mix in China, hydrogen from water electrolysis has the highest GHG emissions, at 3.10 kgCO₂/km, while by-product hydrogen from the chlor-alkali industry has the lowest level, at 0.08 kgCO₂/km. Regarding hydrogen storage and transportation, a combination of gas-hydrogen road transportation and single compression in the refueling station has the lowest GHG emissions. Regarding vehicle operation, GHG emissions from indirect methanol fuel cell are proved to be lower than those from direct hydrogen fuel cells. It is recommended that although fuel cell vehicles are promising for the developing world in reducing GHG emissions, the vehicle technology and hydrogen production issues should be well addressed to ensure the life-cycle low-carbon performance.

关键词： hydrogen fuel cell vehicle life cycle assessment energy consumption greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions China

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价值工程在日化企业产品开发中的应用

陈志祥,张国兴

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第6期页码 84-87

摘要：

越来越多的企业开始从产品和市场推广竞争转向产品源头竞争，即通过降低产品开发成本，提高产品开发速度，价值工程是降低开发成本的行之有效的方法；以广东高露洁公司为背景，介绍了日化企业利用价值工程降低产品开发成本的做法。

关键词：日化企业产品开发价值工程

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Critical flow-storm approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) development: an analytical conceptual

Zhang Harry, Yu Shaw

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第3期页码 267-273 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0058-0

摘要： One of the key challenges in the total maximum daily load (TMDL) development process is how to define the critical condition for a receiving waterbody. The main concern in using a continuous simulation approach is the absence of any guarantee that the most critical condition will be captured during the selected representative hydrologic period, given the scarcity of long-term continuous data. The objectives of this paper are to clearly address the critical condition in the TMDL development process and to compare continuous and event-based approaches in defining critical condition during TMDL development for a waterbody impacted by both point and nonpoint source pollution. A practical, event-based critical flow-storm (CFS) approach was developed to explicitly addresses the critical condition as a combination of a low stream flow and a storm event of a selected magnitude, both having certain frequencies of occurrence. This paper illustrated the CFS concept and provided its theoretical basis using a derived analytical conceptual model. The CFS approach clearly defined a critical condition, obtained reasonable results and could be considered as an alternative method in TMDL development.

关键词： representative hydrologic occurrence simulation approach scarcity alternative

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利用地球同步轨道InSAR每日生成DEM的质量分析 Article

杨泽发, 张庆君, 丁晓利, 陈武

《工程（英文）》 2020年第6卷第8期页码 913-918 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.003

摘要：

最新的数字高程模型（DEM）产品在灾害防治、城市管理等诸多领域中扮演着重要角色。利用机载或低地球轨道（LEO）的星载干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）生成DEM已被证明是可行且极具价值的方法。然而，受成本和卫星重返周期的限制，该技术难以频繁（如每天）生成或更新大区域范围（如大陆尺度或更大范围）的DEM。由于对地同步合成孔径雷达（GEOSAR）卫星运行于地球静止轨道，因此它们能以相当短的重返时间（每天或更短）观测同一地面区域，这为实现生成每日DEM这一理想但目前难以实现的目标提供了潜在可能。为此，本文系统地分析了利用GEOSAR卫星生成的每日DEM产品质量。结果表明：GEOSAR卫星生成的每日DEM产品精度通常远低于利用传统低轨星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）获得的DEM产品。因此，研究GEOSAR DEM生成过程中的误差削弱方法显得至关重要。

关键词：每日DEM生成 InSAR 地球同步SAR 精度分析

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An energy consumption prediction approach of die casting machines driven by product parameters

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 868-886 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0656-0

摘要： Die casting machines, which are the core equipment of the machinery manufacturing industry, consume great amounts of energy. The energy consumption prediction of die casting machines can support energy consumption quota, process parameter energy-saving optimization, energy-saving design, and energy efficiency evaluation; thus, it is of great significance for Industry 4.0 and green manufacturing. Nevertheless, due to the uncertainty and complexity of the energy consumption in die casting machines, there is still a lack of an approach for energy consumption prediction that can provide support for process parameter optimization and product design taking energy efficiency into consideration. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an energy consumption prediction approach for die casting machines driven by product parameters. Firstly, the system boundary of energy consumption prediction is defined, and subsequently, based on the energy consumption characteristics analysis, a theoretical energy consumption model is established. Consequently, a systematic energy consumption prediction approach for die casting machines, involving product, die, equipment, and process parameters, is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and reliability of the proposed energy consumption prediction approach are verified with the help of three die casting machines and six types of products. The results show that the prediction accuracy of production time and energy consumption reached 91.64% and 85.55%, respectively. Overall, the proposed approach can be used for the energy consumption prediction of different die casting machines with different products.

关键词： die casting machine energy consumption prediction product parameters

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峰谷电价体制下东北输油管网日输油优化研究

崔慧,吴长春,吴江林,孙青峰

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第8期页码 69-73

摘要：

东北原油长输管网是中国规模最大的地区性原油运输系统，就该管网基于峰谷电价体制下的运行现状，建立了线性规划数学模型，提出了日输油计划优化问题，并以铁秦线为例进行分析；初步揭示了峰谷电价体制下日输油计划方式的一些基本规律，表明在该体制下东北管网具有一定的节能降耗潜力。但该方式在一定程度上受到管道本身运行特性的约束，与热油管道相比它更适合于等温管道。

关键词：东北管网峰谷电价日输油优化

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Energy consumption of 270 schools in Tianjin, China

Jincheng XING,Junjie CHEN,Jihong LING

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 217-230 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0352-z

摘要： With the rapid development of education cause, the increasing energy consumption of school buildings is gradually causing widespread concern in recent years in China. This paper presented an analysis of energy consumption of 270 schools located in the city of Tianjin, China. The analysis focused specifically on calculating the space heating energy consumption indexes and non-heating energy consumption indexes of different types of schools, aiming at providing reliable and precise data for the government to elaborate policies and measures. The space heating energy consumption of schools adopting district heating and gas boiler were 92.04 kWh/(m ·a) and 64.25 kWh/(m ·a), respectively. Comparing to the schools without a canteen, the non-heating energy consumption index of schools with a canteen can increase by 8%–37%. Furthermore, clustering of different energy sources, the total primary energy consumption indexes were also presented. Space heating energy consumption accounted for approximately 64%–79% of the total primary energy consumption. When using time-sharing control and self-contained gas boiler instead of district heating, an amount of almost 27.8 kWh/(m ·a) and 77.5 kWh/(m ·a) can be saved respectively. Through extensive statistical analysis of the data collected, this paper demonstrated that gross floor area, heating energy source and canteen had a close relationship with the total primary energy consumption regarding complete schools. Eventually, a linear regression equation was established to make a simple prediction about the total energy consumption of existing complete schools and to estimate the energy consumption of complete schools to be built.

关键词： schools energy consumption index primary energy energy saving regression analysis

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Energy consumption and carbon emissions of hospitals in Tianjin

Chongxu JIANG, Jincheng XING, Jihong LING, Xiaona QIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 427-435 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0199-5

摘要： An energy audit of 22 tertiary hospitals was conducted in Tianjin. The detailed content included design data, basic information, energy bills and equipment lists. It was shown that during the study, the energy intensity of hospitals in Tianjin was approximately stable and the average level of energy consumption was 348 kW·h/(m ·a). From the date collected, it was calculated that the energy intensity of general hospitals was 380 kW·h/(m ·a), and the average carbon emissions was 157 kgCO /(m ·a); While the energy intensity of specialized hospitals was 309 kW·h/(m ·a), and the average carbon emissions was 131 kgCO /(m ·a). By breaking the energy consumption down into several items, it was found that the heating system consumed the highest amount of energy (42.12%), followed by the cooling system (6.78%), the medical equipment (4.98%) and the lighting system (3.63%). The main factors that affect the hospital energy consumption were determined, and some feasible technology and management measures to save energy and reduce carbon emissions were proposed.

关键词： hospital building energy consumption carbon emissions energy saving emission reduction

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Survey and analysis of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin

Junlong LI, Huan ZHANG, Shijun YOU, Zhenhui XIE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 69-74 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0221-y

摘要： An energy audit of 24 office buildings was conducted in Tianjin, including basic information of buildings, building energy system and energy bills. The investigation results showed that the average intensity of energy consumption in office buildings in Tianjin accounts for 161.51 kW·h/(m ·a). By breaking the energy consumption down into detailed items, it was found that the heating system consumed the highest amount of energy (46.6%), followed by equipment (35.9%), cooling system (11%) and lighting system (6.69%). The main factors for office building energy consumption were found and some feasible measures to save energy were proposed.

关键词： office building energy consumption intensity energy consumption breakdown energy saving measures

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消费领域用能特征探究

江亿,朱安东,郭偲悦

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第8期页码 122-131

摘要：

根据使用过程特征，可以将用能行为分成生产领域用能与消费领域用能。前者提供产品，后者提供服务。消费领域与生产领域用能存在不同特征，其评价方法、节能途径、战略政策等也存在差别。考虑到这一领域能耗可能是我国下一阶段能耗增长点，在节能领域需要对其给予足够的重视。本文在分析消费领域用能特征的基础上，提出对其的衡量方式和节能途径，并针对我国目前消费领域用能的现状给出建议。

关键词：消费领域；生产领域；能耗；特征

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标题作者时间类型操作

全球定位系统——建立太空卫星通信，改变地球上的日常生活

Peter Weiss

期刊论文

可生物降解塑料取代传统塑料——对碳排放的影响

Guanyi Chen,Jianyuan Li,Yunan Sun,Zhi Wang,Gary A. Leeke,Christian Moretti,Zhanjun Cheng,Yuan Wang,Ning Li,Lan Mu,Jinyu Li,Junyu Tao,Beibei Yan,Li´an Hou

期刊论文

Distribution, characteristics and daily fluctuations of microplastics throughout wastewater treatment

期刊论文

Evaluation of SWAT sub-daily runoff estimation at small agricultural watershed in Korea

Ganga Ram Maharjan, Youn Shik Park, Nam Won Kim, Dong Seok Shin, Jae Wan Choi, Geun Woo Hyun, Ji-Hong Jeon, Yong Sik Ok, Kyoung Jae Lim

期刊论文

中国汽车低碳化系统工程研究

张晓艳,王永军,李骏,付磊

期刊论文

Abating transport GHG emissions by hydrogen fuel cell vehicles: Chances for the developing world

Han HAO, Zhexuan MU, Zongwei LIU, Fuquan ZHAO

期刊论文